51單片機控制LED搖搖棒的詳細製作資料

欄目: 電子DIY / 發佈於: / 人氣:2.9W

大家知道，人的眼睛存在視覺暫留現象，正因爲眼睛的反應遲鈍，才豐富了人的視覺感受。

LED搖搖棒很好地利用了人眼的視覺暫留特性。下圖是基於51單片機控制、16只高亮度LED發光二極管構成的搖搖棒，配合手的左右搖晃就可呈現一幅完整的畫面，可以顯示字符、圖片等。

基本原理與硬件電路設計：

16只LED發光管作爲畫面每一列的顯示，左右搖晃起到了掃描的作用，人眼的視覺暫留現象使得看到的是一幅完整的畫面。與LED點陣的顯示有幾分相仿。

硬件電路如下圖（點擊可放大）。系統電源VCC爲5V，下載程序和調試時一定要保證5V電壓，實際使用時用3節乾電池串聯4.5V即可。AT89S52單片機作爲控制器，在它的P0、P2口接有16只以共陽的方式連接的高亮度LED，由單片機輸出低電平點亮。P0口的上拉電阻RA1不能少。串在LED公共端的二極管D1會產生一定的壓降，用來保護LED，經實測LED點亮時兩端電壓爲3V左右，在LED的安全承受範圍內。K1是畫面切換開關，用於切換顯示不同內容；S1爲水銀開關。

水銀開關的作用：棒在搖動時，只能在朝某一方向搖動時顯示，否則會出現鏡像字或鏡像畫面，所以通過接一隻水銀開關來控制，使搖搖棒從左向右搖動時將內容顯示出來。

硬件製作：

使用的是直徑5mm的紅色高亮LED，感覺太大了些，遠看效果很好但近看時字不夠連貫。建議使用直徑爲3mm的高亮LED，顏色可根據個人喜好選擇。

水銀開關裏的水銀珠很活躍，導致在接通時容易產生抖動，所以將水銀開關斜向上放置（尖尖朝斜上方45°角），靠水銀珠自身重力的作用減少抖動：

IC座裏面隱藏元件，既美觀又能保護元件：

軟件設計：

/**********************************************************
程序名稱：LED搖搖棒顯示64*16像素
簡要說明：外部中斷方式INT0顯示；取模方式：縱向取模、字節倒序
編寫：
最後更新：08/11/15晚
**********************************************************/
#include <AT89X52.h>
#define uchar unsigned char
#define uint unsigned int//宏定義
#define KEY P3_0//定義畫面切換按鍵
uchar KY;//KY作用在後面說明
uchar disp;//顯示漢字指針
uchar pic=0,num=0;//pic爲按鍵次數；num爲中斷次數

uchar code love[] = {
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFE,0x3F,0x00,0x20,0x00,0x20,0x00,0x20,
0x00,0x20,0x00,0x20,0x00,0x20,0x00,0x20,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0x0F,
0x04,0x10,0x02,0x20,0x02,0x20,0x02,0x20,0x02,0x20,0x04,0x10,0xF8,0x0F,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFE,0x07,0x00,0x08,0x00,0x10,0x00,0x20,0x00,0x20,0x00,0x10,
0x00,0x08,0xFE,0x07,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFE,0x3F,0x82,0x20,0x82,0x20,
0x82,0x20,0x82,0x20,0x82,0x20,0x82,0x20,0x82,0x20,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*LOVE*/
};

uchar code loveyou[] = {
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x78,0x00,0xFC,0x00,0xFE,0x01,0xFE,0x03,0xFE,0x07,0xFE,0x0F,0xFE,0x1F,0xFC,0x3F,
0xF8,0x7F,0xFC,0x3F,0xFE,0x1F,0xFE,0x0F,0xFE,0x07,0xFE,0x03,0xFE,0x01,0xFC,0x00,
0x78,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*心形圖案*/
};

uchar code hehe[] = {
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC0,0x01,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0xF0,0x0F,0x08,0x10,0x04,0x20,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF0,0x3F,0x08,0x00,0x04,0x00,
0x04,0x00,0x04,0x00,0x08,0x00,0xF0,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x00,0x20,
0x00,0x20,0x00,0x20,0x00,0x20,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF0,0x3F,0x08,0x00,0x04,0x00,
0x04,0x00,0x04,0x00,0x08,0x00,0xF0,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x04,0x20,0x08,0x10,
0xF0,0x0F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC0,0x01,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*呵呵o(∩_∩)o圖案*/
};

unsigned char code hanzi[] = {
//-- 歡 --
0x04,0x10,0x34,0x08,0xC4,0x06,0x04,0x01,
0xC4,0x82,0x3C,0x8C,0x20,0x40,0x10,0x30,
0x0F,0x0C,0xE8,0x03,0x08,0x0C,0x08,0x10,
0x28,0x60,0x18,0xC0,0x00,0x40,0x00,0x00,
//-- 迎 --
0x40,0x00,0x42,0x40,0x44,0x20,0xC8,0x1F,
0x00,0x20,0xFC,0x47,0x04,0x42,0x02,0x41,
0x82,0x40,0xFC,0x7F,0x04,0x40,0x04,0x42,
0x04,0x44,0xFE,0x63,0x04,0x20,0x00,0x00,
//-- 使 --
0x40,0x00,0x20,0x00,0xF8,0xFF,0x07,0x00,
0x04,0x80,0xF4,0x43,0x14,0x45,0x14,0x29,
0x14,0x19,0xFF,0x17,0x14,0x21,0x14,0x21,
0x14,0x41,0xF6,0xC3,0x04,0x40,0x00,0x00,
//-- 用 --
0x00,0x80,0x00,0x60,0xFE,0x1F,0x22,0x02,
0x22,0x02,0x22,0x02,0x22,0x02,0xFE,0x7F,
0x22,0x02,0x22,0x02,0x22,0x42,0x22,0x82,
0xFF,0x7F,0x02,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
//-- 神 --
0x08,0x01,0x88,0x00,0x49,0x00,0xEE,0xFF,
0x58,0x00,0x88,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0x1F,
0x88,0x08,0x88,0x08,0xFF,0xFF,0x88,0x08,
0x88,0x08,0xFC,0x1F,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x00,
//-- 奇 --
0x40,0x00,0x40,0x00,0x44,0x00,0x44,0x3E,
0x64,0x12,0x54,0x12,0x4C,0x12,0x47,0x12,
0x4C,0x3F,0x54,0x42,0x74,0x80,0xC6,0x7F,
0x44,0x00,0x60,0x00,0x40,0x00,0x00,0x00,
//-- 魔 --
0x00,0x40,0x00,0x30,0xFE,0x8F,0x4A,0x80,
0xAA,0x5F,0x9A,0x4A,0xFE,0x2A,0xAA,0x1A,
0xCB,0x0F,0xAA,0x7A,0xFE,0x8A,0x9A,0xAA,
0xAA,0x8F,0x6B,0x80,0x22,0xE0,0x00,0x00,
//-- 幻 --
0x80,0x20,0xC0,0x30,0xA0,0x28,0x98,0x24,
0x87,0x22,0x80,0x21,0xC4,0x30,0x04,0x60,
0x04,0x00,0x04,0x20,0x04,0x40,0x04,0x80,
0x04,0x40,0xFE,0x3F,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00,
//-- 搖 --
0x10,0x02,0x10,0x42,0x10,0x81,0xFF,0x7F,
0x90,0x04,0x54,0x05,0xCC,0xF4,0xB4,0x44,
0x84,0x44,0xBC,0x7F,0x82,0x44,0xA2,0x44,
0x9B,0xF4,0x82,0x06,0x00,0x04,0x00,0x00,
//-- 搖 --
0x10,0x02,0x10,0x42,0x10,0x81,0xFF,0x7F,
0x90,0x04,0x54,0x05,0xCC,0xF4,0xB4,0x44,
0x84,0x44,0xBC,0x7F,0x82,0x44,0xA2,0x44,
0x9B,0xF4,0x82,0x06,0x00,0x04,0x00,0x00,
//-- 棒 --
0x10,0x04,0x10,0x03,0xD0,0x00,0xFF,0xFF,
0x90,0x00,0x54,0x05,0x44,0x12,0xD4,0x15,
0x74,0x14,0x5F,0xFF,0xD4,0x14,0x54,0x15,
0x56,0x12,0x44,0x06,0x40,0x02,0x00,0x00,
//-- ！ --
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7C,0x10,0xFE,0x3B,
0xFE,0x3B,0x7C,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00
};

/*****函數聲明*****/
void display1(void);
void display2(void);
void display3(void);
void display4(void);

/*****n（us）延時子程序*****/
void DelayUs(uint N)
{
uint x;
for(x=0; x<=N;x++);
}

/*****中斷服務程序*****/
void intersvr0(void) interrupt 0 using 1
{
KY=~KY;//每個搖動來回水銀開關會在擺幅兩端分別產生下降沿中斷，只提取其中一次（從左向右搖才顯示）
if(KY==0)
{
num++;//計算中斷次數
switch(pic)//選擇畫面
{
case 0:{display1();}break;
case 1:{display2();}break;
case 2:{display3();}break;
case 3:{display4();}break;
default:{display1();}
}
}
}

/*****顯示子程序1（漢字）*****/
void display1(void)
{
uchar i;
if(num>10){disp++;num=0;}//12個漢字分爲3次顯示完（每次顯示4個），每中斷10次切換
if(disp>2)disp=0;
DelayUs(5200);//此處延時時間依各硬件差別而各不相同，試着調整使得顯示內容居中即可
for(i=0;i<64;i++)
{
P0=~hanzi[disp*128+i*2];
P2=~hanzi[disp*128+i*2+1];
DelayUs(100);
}
}

/*****顯示子程序2（LOVE）*****/
void display2(void)
{
uchar i;
DelayUs(4000);
for(i=0;i<64;i++)
{
P0=~love[i*2];
P2=~love[i*2+1];
DelayUs(120);
}
}

/*****顯示子程序3（心形圖案）*****/
void display3(void)
{
uchar i;
DelayUs(4000);
for(i=0;i<64;i++)
{
P0=~loveyou[i*2];
P2=~loveyou[i*2+1];
DelayUs(120);
}
}

/*****顯示子程序4（呵呵o(∩_∩)o圖案）*****/
void display4(void)
{
uchar i;
DelayUs(4000);
for(i=0;i<64;i++)
{
P0=~hehe[i*2];
P2=~hehe[i*2+1];
DelayUs(120);
}
}

/*****主函數*****/
void main(void)
{
IT0=1;
EX0=1;
EA=1;//開中斷，下降沿中斷
KY=0;
while(1)//主程序中只檢測按鍵
{
if(KEY==0)//畫面切換鍵按下
{
DelayUs(10000); //按鍵去抖
if(KEY==0);
pic++;}
if(pic>3)pic=0;
}
}
/*****END*****/

Tags：單片機 LED 搖搖手工搖搖馬教案